All About PC Router

Pfsense

Features

pfSense most all the features in expensive commercial firewalls, and in many other cases. The following is a list of functions available in pfSense 1.2 release. All things are possible, the web interface, without anything from the command line.

In addition to these features, this page contains all the limitations of the system which we are aware. From our experience and expertise has helped thousands of our users, we understand very well the software can and can not do. Each package has a limit. Where we differ from most, is communicated clearly to them. We are also happy to help people to remove the limit. Many of the restrictions in many commercial and open source firewall. 1.2 is defined in the code, the next major release.
Firewall

* Filtering by IP source and destination IP, source port and destination for the TCP and UDP traffic
* You can restrict connections to each base line
* PfSense using p0f, an advanced passive OS / tools for detection of fingerprints network that you can start the filter system of connection. To enable machines to Linux and FreeBSD on the Internet, but block Windows machines? pfSense can do (among many other possibilities) by passively detecting the operating system.
* Ability to access or less access to traffic matching each rule.
* Policy routing highly flexible as possible by choosing a gateway to baseline (for load balancing, failover, multiple WAN, etc.)
* Nicknames can group and IP network ports. In this way, the firewall rules clear and easy to understand, especially in environments with multiple public IP addresses and multiple servers.
* Layer 2 transparent firewall state - can bridge interfaces and filter traffic between them, even for less than an IP-firewall (even though you probably want an IP address for management purposes).
* Packet normalization - Description stain pf documentation - " 'spot' is the normalization of the package so that no ambiguity in the interpretation of the final destination of the package. The scrub directive also reassembles fragmented packets, protecting some systems by a particular form of attack, and drops TCP packets invalid flag combinations.
or pfSense Standard
Can I disable or, if necessary. This leads to problems in some NFS implementations, but is safe and is required in most buildings.
* Disable filter - you can change the whole filter firewall if you want a pure murder pfSense router.

Table of State

The status table of the firewall maintains information about your network connection open. pfSense is a stateful firewall by default all rules are stateful.

Most firewalls lack the ability to precisely the status of your table. pfSense has many characteristics of granular control that your table, because the ability of PF OpenBSD.

* Table size was adjustable - there are several buildings pfSense production with the help of several hundreds of thousands of one state. The default table size is 10,000, but this increased to fly to the desired size. Every state is about 1 KB of RAM, in order to recall the memory usage when sizing your booth table. It is not set arbitrarily high.
* On a general basis for:
Limit or simultaneous client connections
Boundaries of a State or host
the new limit of connections per second
Define or state timeout
Specify the type or state
* Nature of State - pfSense offers multiple possibilities for the treatment of the state.
or hold the position - Works on all protocols. Standard for all policies.
or weaken state - works only with TCP. pfSense will generate strong first set of numbers (ISNs) on behalf of the host.
or Synproxy state - proxies incoming TCP connections for the protection of servers spoofed TCP SYN flood. This option includes the functionality of keep state and modulate state combined.
or No - Do not hold items in a state of traffic. E 'desirable, very rarely, but is available because it can be useful in certain limited circumstances.
* State table optimization options - PF offers four options for optimizing the tables of state.
or normal - the default algorithm
or high-latency - Useful for high latency links such as satellite links. Expires idle connections later than normal.
or aggressive - Expires idle connections more quickly. Better use of hardware, but can drop legitimate connections.
or conservative - trying to avoid dropping legitimate connections at the expense of increased memory and CPU.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

* Including the port range forward and use more public IP addresses
* 1:1 Nat for individual IP addresses or entire subnets.
* The exit Nat
Nat default or all outgoing traffic to IP-Wan. When several events, the default settings Nat outgoing traffic on the WAN interface IP.
Advanced outbound nat This is a standard behavior with disabilities, and allows the creation of very flexible Nat (or NAT) policy.
* Nat reflection - in some configurations, Nat thought possible, so that it can be used by public IP from internal network.

Nat Limits

PPTP and GRE * Limits - The situation on the track for pf GRE protocol can only track for a session public IP to server. This means that if you use PPTP VPN connections, but only one machine can simultaneously connect to a PPTP server on the Internet. A thousand of machines that can simultaneously connect to a PPTP server thousand, but only one at a time on a single server. The only solution is to use multiple public IP addresses on the firewall, one for each client, or to use multiple public IP addresses to external PPTP server. This is not a problem in other types of VPN connections. A solution is currently being developed.
* SIP Limits - By default, all TCP and UDP traffic, with the exception of SIP and IPsec earned the source port rewrite. More information about them is the static port documentation. Since this source port is like rewriting pf track one IP connection to remote server, and most of all SIP traffic uses the same source port, only one SIP device can connect simultaneously to a single server on the Internet. Unless your SIP devices to operate the source port rewrite (most are not), you can have multiple phones on a dedicated server, without using a public IP per device. Sipproxd The package now offers a solution to this problem in pfSense 1.2.1 and later.
* Nat reflection boundaries - Nat reflection can only use the port range of less than 500 ports and can not use the 1:1 Nat host.

Redundancy

OpenBSD carp for hardware failover. Two or more firewalls can be configured as a failover. If the interface is not the first or the primary goes offline entirely, the secondary is active. PfSense also features synchronization of configuration, so that configuration changes to automatically synchronize the primary and the second firewall.

pfsync ensures that the firewall state table is replicated to all failover configured firewalls. This means your existing connections are maintained in the event of bankruptcy, which is crucial to avoid network failures.
Limits

* Only works with static public IP does not work with DHCP, PPPoE, PPTP or Bigpond types (WAN has been resolved in a future release)
* Requires a minimum of three public IP addresses (they are resolved in a future release)
* Backup firewall idle (active-passive failover), an active active clustering is possible at this time.
* Failover is not instantaneous, which takes about 5 seconds to switch from a back-up control host. During this time no traffic, but the current situation is connected after the failover is complete. 5, second failure when failure is not evident in most environments.

Load Balancing
Outbound Load Balancing

Load balancing outgoing is used with multiple WAN connections for load balancing and failover capabilities. The traffic will be routed to the gateway or load balancing pool on a per firewall rule base.
Load balancing input

Load balancing input is used to distribute the load across multiple servers. It is often used on web servers, mail servers, and others. The server does not respond to ping requests or TCP port connections are removed from the pool.
Limits

* Pantay distributes load between all servers available - not on a non-uniform load between the servers at this time.
* Only check if the server responds to pings or TCP port connections. Unable to verify that the server returns the contents valid.

VPN

pfSense offers three options for VPN connectivity, IPsec, PPTP and OpenVPN.
IPsec

IPsec connects to any device supporting standard IPsec. This is usually used for sites on the site pfSense connection to other facilities, other open source firewall (m0n0wall, etc.), and most all commercial firewall solutions (Cisco, Juniper, etc.). This can also be used for connectivity to mobile clients.
Limits

* NAT-T is not supported, which means that customers of mobile phones behind NAT is not supported. The pfSense limits the usefulness of mobile customers IPsec. Openvpn or PPTP is a better solution.
* Only one end of an IPSec tunnel, a dynamic IP address.
* Some of the more advanced features of ipsec-tools is not yet supported, including DPD, xauth, NAT-T, and others.

Openvpn

Openvpn is a flexible, powerful SSL VPN solution that supports a wide range of client operating system. Openvpn See the website for more details about its capabilities.
Limits

* Not all options of openvpn are still supported. Support for nearly all transmission openvpn will be included in next release.
* Filter openvpn traffic is possible. Support for them is 2.0.

PPTP Server

VPN PPTP is a popular option for almost all OS have built in PPTP client, with the release of Windows from Windows 95 OSR2. See the Wikipedia articles for more information on PPTP.

The PPTP pfSense server can use a local user database or RADIUS server for authentication. Radius accounting is supported. Firewall policy to control traffic initiated by PPTP interface PPTP client.
Limits

* Due to restrictions on Nat pf, when the PPTP server is enabled, the PPTP client can not use the same public IP for outbound PPTP connections. This means that if you only have one public IP, and use the PPTP server, PPTP clients within your network does not work. Work on the use of public transport Advanced outgoing IP for your internal customers Nat. See also limited PPTP Nat on this page.

PPPoE server

pfSense offers a PPPoE server. For more information about PPPoE, see the Wikipedia entry. A database of local users can use for authentication and RADIUS authentication with optional accounting is supported.
Reporting and monitoring
RRD graphs

The RRD graphs pfSense maintain historical information on the following.

* Using the CPU
* Total flow
* Firewall Member
* Individual throughput for all interfaces
* Packets per second for all interfaces
* Wan interface gateway (s) response times Ping
* Traffic Shaper traffic code in the design of the system allowed

Real-time information

History is important, but sometimes it is important to see in real time.

SVG graphs show that the flow in real time for each interface.

Traffic Shaper for users, state -> Queues screen provides a real-time display of queue usage using AJAX updated gauges.

The other first page includes AJAX meters for displaying real-time processor, memory, swap and disk usage, the size and scale.
Dynamic DNS

A dynamic DNS client is included, allowing you to register your public IP to a number of dynamic DNS service.

* DynDNS
* DHS
* DyNS
* EasyDNS
* No-IP
* ODS.org
* Zone Change

A client is also available to the RFC 2136 dynamic DNS updates, for use with the DNS server to bind the support for this type of side effect.
Limits

* Only works on the main Wan Interface - Support multi-Wan is available in version 2.0.
* You can update a single account with a service provider. 2.0 uses unlimited account.
* Only works if pfSense is the public IP assigned to one of its interfaces. If you have a modem that gets your public IP and pfSense is a private IP, private IP address is registered with the provider. 2.0 A, with an option for your public IP genuine law and register.

Prisoners Home

Captive portal allows you to force authentication or redirection to a page by clicking on the network access. This is usually used in networks of hot spots, but is also widely used in corporate networks for an additional level of security or for Internet access without wires. For more information on captive portal technology in general, see the Wikipedia article on the subject. The following is a list of the features of pfSense captive portal.

* Maximum simultaneous connections - Limit the number of connections to the same portal for client IP. This feature prevents the rejection of services from client PCs sending network traffic on several occasions, without checking or clicking on the splash page.
* Idle timeout - Disconnect clients idle for more than the specified number of minutes.
* Hard timeout - Force a connection to all customers after the specified number of minutes.
* Access pop-up window - Option of a pop-up window to enter shutdown.
* URL Redirect - after clicking on the control through the captive portal, users can be redirected to the URL specified strongly.
* MAC filtering - pfSense using standard filters MAC addresses. If you have a subnet behind a router on a captive portal interface is enabled, all machines behind the router is enabled after a user is permitted. MAC filtering can be disabled for the event.
Authentication options - There are three authentication options available.
or No authentication - This means that only the user clicks through your portal page without credentials.
local user or manager - A local user database is configured and used for authentication.
or RADIUS authentication - This is the authentication method your ISP for businesses and groups. It can be used to extend Microsoft Active Directory and many other RADIUS servers.
* Ray of power
or forced re-authentication
or send Accounting Update
MAC radius or captive portal authentication to authenticate to a RADIUS server using the client MAC address of the user and password.
Create a redundant configuration or RADIUS server.
* HTTP or HTTPS - The portal page can be configured to use an HTTP or HTTPS.
* Pass-through IP addresses and MAC - MAC and IP addresses are white-by-pass the portal. Each machine carries out the Nat circumvented then the answer is no traffic hitting the portal. Want to exclude some machines for other reasons.
* File Manager - Allows you to upload images for use on your portal page.

Limits

* You can have only one interface simultaneously.
* "Reverse" portal, ie the acquisition of traffic from the Internet and entering your network, you can not.
* Only fully MAC and IP addresses are excluded from the portal, not the individual protocols and ports.
* It is not compatible with multi-Wan policy. We hope that this solution is 2.0.

DHCP Server and Relay

pfSense includes both DHCP server and linking functionality

Router?

A router or router-firewall (which I'll use the terms interchangeably, when I say 'router' I mean 'router-firewall') in the simple sense is something that sits between your ISP connection ( whether a dial-up modem, a DSL modem or cable modem) and allows data (eg, the Web page you visit) to be routed between the Internet and your home. "

Your house may be just a PC but a router allows you to block all types of receiver or network attacks, for example, any type of Internet worm which works by connecting to RPC or DCOM ports and many other types of attacks that try to connect from the Internet. In simple terms, a router firewall protects your computer (s) against the evil people on the Internet very efficiently, you know nothing about how it works and how to establish the "firewall" of things to be protected, the Most routers are configured to work well together, no real configuration required.

The second major advantage to using a router, then you can leave it on 24 / 7 and connect any number of PCs on your network at home to all share the Internet connection with a minimum hassle. A router must be very stable and many people leave them on 24 / 7 to give them a more or less permanently connected to the Internet.

Some people suggest running a 'Personal Firewall' is not a bad thing, but it suffers from some major drawbacks. The term "personal firewall" in my opinion means a firewall program that runs on your PC, which is the problem with him! Anything that runs on your PC is vunerible to a possible virus or malware that you can download and run accident. Some malware explicitly personal goals and disable the firewall applications, sometimes in ways that are not obvious to spot. A 'router-firewall "on the other hand, runs on an area dedicated, and is therefore much more difficult to circumvent or disable. This does not mean they are useless, they are certainly better than nothing, which is free to, check if you do not have a router!

Why should I make my own?

because you can, and it's fun!

An ADSL router can be bought and they are not much more now than a USB ADSL modem, but many people already have USB modem and you want to 'upgrade' to use a router firewall, if you do yours, you can use the existing USB modem and the router to build firewalls, to save money.

Many routers, you can simply buy waste, simply find the intarweb (Ian) for people trying to use a router with a purchased app peer2peer (like eMule / Kazz etc) to see the amount of questions .

A good router bought in many cases, a tendency to crash or "reset" when you press on your Internet connection with lots of downloads or uploads. In my experience, I have over 1000 simultaneous connections and the router, I have not even built a break sweat, let alone to become unstable.

Make your own router gives you the kind of flexibility that you can not get a router purchased, it is updated by a simple download, and new features will be added as time goes on. Once you have purchased a router, you are stuck with the features you have when you bought it before you buy a new course!

Aid to build a router based on free software and open source is a lot of people like you, who is an active community of people who will help you configure and offer advice if you want to make your router something more than your needs and understanding grows.

Setting up the router firewall

to a router, you will need the following

a) 1 old PC (a P100 with 32MB RAM and 500 MB or 1 GB HD is more than sufficient), it will be the router firewall dedicated.

b) a means to connect the router to the ISP, namely a USB ADSL modem for ADSL or a network card (Ethernet card) for a cable modem or a telephone modem if you use telephone. If the old PC does not have a USB port so you can get a PCI USB card for about 15 quid or less.

c) a network adapter to connect the router to your network (wireless is an option very soon!) a network card costs about 5 contribution, you also need a network card in each PC plug.

d) an Ethernet switch (or hub) if you have more than one PC, connect a switch operates as a multi-extension cable, but it has been designed to split an Ethernet connection between your computer to you can connect multiple PCs (8 positions for connecting 7 computers are about 50 quid or less now, at 4 positions for connecting 3 PCs is around 20 quid) if you have more than 7 PC, you then get another switch and connect or get a bigger change to begin.

Once you have the bits you are

In my opinion, it was the easiest and best firewall router can be done by downloading the "IPCop 'from http://www.ipcop.org - it's free, open source firewall.

Installation is simple, you can burn a CD from the downloaded file (the operating system is only 30 MB!) And boot from the installation CD. If your old / Donate PC can not boot from the CD, you must use a floppy, which can be created on another PC using the IPCop CD you made. (There are other ways to install it without needing a second hard drive - but it is outside this txt!)

IPCop is a complete operating system, which means that no sub-Windows operating system, for the P100 / Donate PC and no licenses to worry. This part is really nice, an OS that is pre-configured to install simply and give you a good quality router dedicated firewall, which is simple to install and easy to use.

If you install IPCop for the first time, please read the installation instructions on http://www.ipcop.org/modules.php?op=...pDocumentation, he thought that the reading of the record instructions of your VCR, it is not long and you will understand and IPCop become more familiar with the installation. I think you can install in about an hour after reading the installation guide, a quick glance at the FAQ that should answer most questions you May

If you do not ask!

Secrets Acquisition routers

ok - not so secret and mostly conjecture

many people have the impression that there is something called a "router-firewall", which is magic, safer and more stable than a "router-firewall, you can do yourself. . It is wrong to 2 counts

bought an ADSL router, if you opened it up, is really something like a 486 processor with little memory is running firewall software that is loaded from a storage device disk disk, ie it is not a router firewall. if such a thing still exists, you can plant and is unlike any other computer, you never used.

if it can be more secure is not so easy to dispute, all things are missing, firewalls are no exception. Generally, a firewall based on Linux (as IPCop) is safe if installed correctly, IPCop is easy to install and difficult to set up wrong (but who bought a router firewall, it can be configured to be sure, if you try!).

IPCop regularly fixes for the code, the type of corrections you want to see are generally not fixed Internet side of the router, they are generally small problems can be exploited with great difficulty by a determined attacker who can connect their computer on the network at home (of course there are other ways that can happen, for example, in one form or another Trojan horse remote access).

It is difficult to know what kinds of problems with a router bought, if there is a so-called "upgrade firmware" May contain these patches of uncertainty in firewall - it's hard to say because they could not want this information published?

Router build in the House with Ubuntu

Many homes now have Internet access alone. Some of them even if it is using the broadband connection rather high speed. The question, is the Internet connection is shared with several PC or notebook at home? The answer may be, through router!

Router is made - even if the class for the home - has guaranteed stability and security of enterprise-class because it is supported by the Linux operating system. Eits not lucky the first Linux. Linux is a deliberately chosen from the Ubuntu Desktop distribution - and the easiest Linux distro to use as much work. We guarantee you enggak match the Linux command line a lot of ditakuti by nonexpert users.

Here we use the Desktop version of Ubuntu Linux 8.10 (intrepid ibex). But Ubuntu users under version also can follow the steps remain the same. Oh yes, the router is made with the application firestarter (www.fs-security.com) have 100% with license free. Original, this application is a router with firewall features. So your router will have a firewall facility. Fun, huh?

Let's begin. As a first step, prepare a PC that is Ter-install Ubuntu and have an active Internet connection so you can browse there. Do not forget to also provide an additional network card to connect Ubuntu to the local network.

Installing the Main Components
1. There are two main elements must be installed before we can run PC as a router, the firestarter and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). DHCP parts only need to install if you want the IP address is automatically allocated to the client. If you want to set the address manually, DHCP is not necessary to install. To install firestarter and DHCP, click the menu System> Administration> Synaptic Package Manager (SPM). Then enter your Ubuntu root password (if requested).

2. From SPM, take advantage of the facilities "Quick Search" to find package firestarter. If you have met, click the small box next to the package firestarter and select "Mark for Installation."

3. Next, in the same way, do a search for packages DCHP. If the SPM provides options, be sure to select the package "dhcp3-server". Click the box again and select "Mark for Installation." Then click the "Apply" with a green check icon above. The rest of the Linux though.

Router configuration
4. If the installation is running smooth, the next step is to configure firestarter so that all connections from the client may be forwarded to the Internet. Run firestarter from the menu Applications> Internet> firestarter, and enter the root password when prompted Ubuntu.

5. Firestarter from the main window, click the Preferences menu at the top (make sure the tab "Status" is active), then select Network Settings. 2 Note the drop-down box in there. The drop-down box in the network interface is connected to the Internet. If using an Ethernet network card, indicated the most likely is "eth0". While the drop-down box that shows the interface both for local networks.

6. If you have determined where the Internet and local network, you enable (check) the option "Enable Internet connection sharing" and "Enable DHCP for local network" (automatic allocation of IP clients ). Range allocation with DHCP IP can also specify your own by clicking the black arrow beside the option "DCHP server details." Other options on this window can be left as is, because we need it.

7. After all is set finished, click "Accept". By clicking on the button "Start Firewall", you have a PC to a router to share your Internet connection. Easy, is not it?

Tips: Bonus Firewall

Is incomplete if a router is not equipped with safeguards to prevent further attacks that may come from the real Internet. Fortunately, firestarter is designed to secure the PC connected to the Internet, including the client, the client is connected through the Internet Connection Sharing facility.

In fact, by default, firestarter is working as the first time since the firewall is enabled. But the default settings that we still have a lot of holes that are not closed if no candidate can not be penetrated cracker.

When security becomes a priority when you surf the world, no one following the steps below.

A. Off attacks from the Foreign
1. Reopen the Preferences window firestarter. This time select "ICMP Filtering" and enable (check) the option "Enable ICMP Filtering". Ignore other options below it if it does not have other features of the ICMP protocol which allowed the PC received. Next, click the Accept button.

2. Return to main window firestarter, and select the tab "Policies". Editing options, ensure that the selected "inbound traffic policy" which means that we make rules about "anyone who can access the port from the PC or the Internet." If no port that can be accessed from the Internet, and then ensure that the list of "Allow connections from host", "Allow service" and "Forward service" in blank. Conversely, if you want to allow a host from the Internet is connected to this router, right-click an empty area list "Allow connections from host" and select "Add rule". Then enter the IP address of the host allowed to access the router. If you have, do not forget to click "Add" and "Apply". How do the same to allow connection to port / services from the Internet, you just have to work the list "Allow service".

3. If you have, try to test your PC with the help of sites belonging to the security audit Gibson Research (www.grc.com). Compare results before and after the configuration is done (see if you get a predicate "passed" in Analysis TruStealth or not).

B. Restrict URL Access Client

After successfully restrict access from outside, now we create limits clients to access the Internet. This is especially useful if you want to save bandwidth or to prevent users under the age of a site that does not access the operation. Here's how to do this.

1. Firestarter from the main window, click the tab "Policy" editor and change the dropdown to "outbound traffic policy". This option is used to limit client access to the Internet or a local distortion of inbound traffic policy "that we are above.

2. Akan appear on two radio button options each contains "permissive by default, the black list of traffic" and "restrictive by default, whitelist traffic". Permissive by default used if you want to allow all data traffic from clients to the Internet and use the list to block the policy address, host or service / port specific. Instead, strictly applied by default to block all traffic from the client data to the Internet and use the list of rules to allow access to addresses, host or service / port specific. If you want to block specific address, select permissive by default.

3. To order that firestarter to block specific sites, to do right by clicking the empty area in the list of "Deny connections to host", select "Add rule". Enter the IP address or domain name (without "http://") in the field "IP, host or network, and then click Add. If you have, do not forget to click Apply at the top of the firestarter. Try to visit a blocked address before using the browser.

Definition Dedicated Router Or Router PC

Router is a tool in the computer world that allows you to distort the data from a network system to another system. Logikanya a network system can not switch to another system. Exp Sis A. Using the IP 192.168.1.1 and Sis B. Using the IP 192.168.2.1 So the use of Company A Sis can not do with communication Sis B without a Router.

The principle of the router is very easy to distort the data from one Sis Sis to the other. Router configuration for use with PC (WIN OS Xp) is Easy:

1. Company Make sure you have at least 2 fruit LAN Card (If you only use 2 Sis)

2. Give the network configuration according Sis you use on each LAN Card. (Make sure each lan using a different Sis)

3. Ping or test the connection to each Sis, from the router. All make sure the connection is Better

4. Share Lan card with you how to:
- Right-click on the Lan Card and the Advance tab Make sure there is the option to use another network dst bla bla bla.
- After trying to do the ping from another computer (the client of a different Sis), Best Make sure Replay

5. Happy Trying:)

Create Simple PC Router With Debian Woody 4

I can be the task of the school's teachers pengampu me .. namely to create a PC using a Simple Static Router Linux Debian Woody 4. OK ... I work thus

1. Installing the Linux Operating System Debian Woody 4
2. Ip addressing
# nano / etc / network / interfaces
auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 172.26.78.19
netmask 255,255,255,224
network 172.26.78.0
broadcast 172.26.78.31
gateway 172.26.78.1
# Dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
dns-nameservers 124.81.116.2
dns-search smartlinkgm.net

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.10.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.10.255
3. Setting Iptables
# iptables-A PREROUTING-t nat-j REDIRECT-p tcp-s 192.168.10.0/24-d 0 / 0 - DPort 80 - to-ports 8080 (when the existing squid)
# iptables-t nat-A POSTROUTING-o eth0-s 192.168.10.0/24-j Masquerade (there is no squid)
# iptables-t nat-A POSTROUTING-o eth0-s 192.168.10.0/24-j Masquerade
# iptables-save> / etc / iptables.conf
# echo "iptables-restore > / etc / network / if-up.d / iptables
# chmod 755 / etc / network / if-up.d / iptables
4. Setting ip forward
# nano / etc / sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
# sysctl-p / etc / sysctl.conf-A (to restart ip forward)
# sysctl-a | grep forward
5. Setting Squid
# apt-get install squid
after that configure the
# nano / etc / squid / squid.conf
in which, among other konfigure
http_port 3128 transparent
our_networks 192.168.10.0/24 (adjusted with our network)
# / usr / sbin / squid-k reconfigure (restart squid)
testing for squid
# tail-f / var / log / squid / access.log
6. restart
# / Etc / init.d / networking restart
Reconfiguring network interfaces ... done.
Be Ok a simple PC Router, such as the above configuration is quite safe and secure ..
Additional router can also be over in a forward proxy ... With little change in the script,..

About Broadband / ICS Routers

A router is a device that sends a packet data network. Router is connected to at least two networks, two hours of local networks or WANs or a Lan and his ISP network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect, and the critical device that keeps data flowing between the network and the networks connected to the Internet. When data is sent between locations on a network or from a network in the second network data is always visible and intended to place a router. They made it by using headers and forwarding agents, table to determine the best route for sending data packets, and they use protocols such as ICMP to communicate with each other and configure the best way between any two hosts.

Internet is a global network that connects the millions of computers and smaller networks - so you can see how important the role of router is our means of communication and computing.

Why do I need a router?
For most home users, they may want to setup a Lan (Local Area Network) or WLAN (wireless Lan) and connect all computers to the Internet without paying a full service broadband subscriptions to their ISP for each computer on the network. In many cases, a supplier lets you use a router to connect multiple computers with Internet connection and pay a nominal fee for each additional computer sharing the connection. This is when home users will want smaller routers, often called broadband routers that enable two or more computers to share an Internet connection. Within the business or organization may need to connect multiple computers to the Internet, but also want to connect multiple private networks - and these are the types of functions a router is designed for .

Routers Home & Small Business
Not all routers are created equal since their job will differ slightly from the network to network. You can also look at a piece of hardware and not even realize this is a router. What defines a router is not its shape, color, size or manufacturer, but his job function of re-routing of data packets between computers. The cable modem that routes data between your computer and your Internet provider may be considered router. In its most common form, a router can only be one of two computers running Windows 98 (or higher) operating system, which links together through ICS (Internet connection sharing ). In this case, the computer is connected to the Internet will act as a router for the second computer to get his Internet connection.

Work a step of ICS, we have kind of hardware routers that are used to implement the same basic task as ICS, albeit with additional features and functions. Often called broadband Internet connection sharing routers, these routers allow you to share an Internet connection between multiple computers.

This image shows the flow of data across multiple computers sharing one high speed Internet connection. [Image Source]

Broadband routers or ICS will be completely different depending on the manufacturer or brand, but wired routers are generally a small box shaped hardware device with ports on the front or back turn any computer with a port with the your broadband modem. The connection ports allow the router to do its job of routing data packets between each of the computer and data and Internet.

Depending on the type of Internet connection and modem you can choose a router with phone or fax machine ports. Ethernet cable broadband router usually has built-in Ethernet switch to allow for expansion. The routers also support Nat (network address translation), allowing all your computers can share one Internet address. Internet connection sharing routers will also provide users with much needed features such as an SPI firewall or to serve as aa DHCP server.

Wireless broadband routers look almost like a cable router, with the clear exception of the antenna on top, and the lack of cable running from router to the computer when it is created. Create a wireless network adds a bit more security than wired networks, but wireless broadband routers have built-in additional levels of security. With features found in wired routers, wireless routers also provide features relevant to wireless security such as Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and wireless MAC address filtering. Additionally, most wireless routers are configured for "invisible mode" so that your wireless network can not be scanned by outside wireless clients. Wireless routers will often include ports for Ethernet connections as well. For those familiar with WiFi and how it works, it is important to note that selecting wireless router may mean beef, which must be WI-FI knowledge-base. When the wireless network is established, it may ultimately spend more time monitoring and security to one with a local cable network.

Wired and wireless routers and network results and may claim against each other, but they are few equals in terms of overall function and efficiency. Both wired and wireless routers have a high efficiency and relatively good security (without adding product). But it bears repeating - as mentioned, you may need to invest time in learning more about wireless security. Usually wired is cheaper overall, but creating a wireless router and the computer is a bit more difficult than creating a wireless network. Of course, typically a cable system is very limited while wireless offers outstanding mobility features.

pc router

What a router search tool for PC? The router is a PC tool for research of new routing algorithms. The basic idea is to use a dual processor computer system to facilitate the development of router code. A processor running Unix and the other is dedicated to routing processors. This application is based on FreeBSD and uses the Intel Pro 100 / B network cards. The router runs a processor polling loop a list of devices to see if there is work to be done. He argues in the driver code and minor changes to the startup code and TCP / IP code. The protocols are not changed, only the code that runs on the processor. Design News - Workflow packages There are several streams of packets to be examined. The simplest way to understand the flow of packets routed a packet arrives on an interface, its destination is searched in the routing table, and he sent an interface. Slight variations on this are * A package arrives processor designed for unix * A packet is generated by the processor unix * One packet of the destination is not in the routing table in the case of the release of locally generated packets, the router sends to the processor interface. In the case of premises for the package, the router processing queues between the processor and unix processor sends an interrupt to the processor unix. In the case of unroutable packet, the router processor queues in unix processor sends an interruption between processor and allows the full code in the unix routing processor to process the packet. More Info Design - Buffer Management At startup, each interface has several mbufs assigned to him. Each mbuf is marked with the ID of the interface to which it belongs. First, a mbuf is configured to receive data on an interface. When it is full, it is queued for other sub-systems for further treatment and probably enqueued on an interface for transmission. When the transmission is completed, the mbuf is returned to the original owner interface. What are the hard parts? Conceptual tool that is easy to conceive. The challenges are * Understanding Intel I / O APIC Architecture, which describes how interrupts are handled. * The figures that some of the interruptions were losing inter processor * Noting that the version of FreeBSD that I had considered using some of my equipment thugs and did not program the clock who resembled the console system was not working. Fortunately, FreeBSD has versions of the correction and I could easily catch up to him. * Realizing that I had to be careful with MBUF majorly flags. * The figures that the processor is interrupted between the code does not save all registers. What remains to be done? * Measure the throughput and latency of the existing system upgrade * (Intel) driver to support the current Intel * Updated maps to a more recent version of FreeBSD * Add more drivers

What is a PC-router search?
The router is a PC tool to design new routing algorithms. The basic idea is to use a bi-processor PC system to the development of entry of the router. A processor running Unix and the other is dedicated to routing processors. This version is based on FreeBSD and uses the Intel Pro 100 / B of the network. The router runs a processor polling loop a list of devices to see if there is work to be done. There is support in the driver code and small changes in startup code and TCP / IP code. The protocols are not changed, only the code is executed on the processor.
Design News - Flow Packet
There are multiple streams of packets to be examined. The easiest to understand flow routed package: a package arrives on an interface, the destination is considered in the routing table, and sent a single interface. Small variations are

* A package that happens is for the treatment of Unix
* A package is generated by the processor Unix
* A package of destination is not in the routing table

In the case of outgoing packets generated locally, the processor in the router sends to the appropriate interface. In the case of the destination of the packets at the local level, the router CPU processing queues in unix and sends an inter-processor interrupt to the processor Unix. In the case of unroutable packet, the router processor queues in unix processor sends an inter-processor interrupt, and all the routing code in the Unix processor processing package.
More Info Design - Buffer Management
At startup, each interface has its mbufs affected. Each mbuf is encoded with the ID of the interface to which it belongs. First, a mbuf is to obtain data on an interface. If it is full, the queue for the other subsystems for further processing and probably enqueued on an interface for transmission. When the transfer is complete, the mbuf is returned to the interface that the owner was at the origin.
What are the hard parts?
Conceptual tool that is easy to conceive. The challenges are

* Understand the Intel I / O APIC Architecture, which explains how to manage interruptions.
* Know that some of the interruptions between processor are lost
* Realize that the version of FreeBSD, I planned to use part of my equipment to rogue states and the program is not the clock, which has appeared on the system console is not working. Fortunately, new versions of FreeBSD had to correct and I could easily retrofit systems.
* Realize that I majorly MBUF with flags.
* Know that the processor is interrupted, the code does not save all registers.

What to do?

* Measure the throughput and latency of the system
* Upgrading the existing (Intel) driver to support the current Intel cards
* Upgrading to a newer version of FreeBSD
* Add more drivers
> Swap

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We will use your suggestion to improve translation quality in future updates to our system. What is a PC-router search?
router is a PC tool to design new routing algorithms. The basic idea is to use a bi-processor PC system to the development of entry of the router. A processor running Unix and the other is dedicated to routing processors. This version is based on FreeBSD and uses the Intel Pro 100 / B of the network. The router runs a processor polling loop a list of devices to see if there is work to be done. There is support in the driver code and small changes in startup code and TCP / IP code. The protocols are not changed, only the code is executed on the processor. Design
Info - Workflow packages
There are multiple streams of packets to be examined. The easiest to understand flow routed package: a package arrives on an interface, the destination is considered in the routing table, and sent a single interface. Small variations are
* A package that happens is for the treatment of
Unix * A package is generated by the processor
Unix * A package of destination is not in the routing table
In the case of outgoing packets generated locally, the processor in the router sends to the appropriate interface. In the case of the destination of the packets at the local level, the router CPU processing queues in unix and sends an inter-processor interrupt to the processor Unix. In the case of unroutable packet, the router processor queues in unix processor sends an inter-processor interrupt, and all the routing code in the Unix processor processing package. More info
Design - Buffer Management
startup time, each interface has its mbufs assigned. Each mbuf is encoded with the ID of the interface to which it belongs. First, a mbuf is to obtain data on an interface. If it is full, the queue for the other subsystems for further processing and probably enqueued on an interface for transmission. When the transfer is complete, the mbuf is returned to the interface that the owner was at the origin.
What are the hard parts? Conceptual
this tool is simple to conceive. The challenges are
Understanding * Intel I / O APIC Architecture, which explains how to manage interruptions. * That some
between CPU interruptions are lost
* Understand that the version of FreeBSD, I planned to use part of my equipment to rogue states and the program is not the clock, which appeared on the console does not work. Fortunately, new versions of FreeBSD had to correct and I could easily retrofit systems. * Making
that I was majorly MBUF with flags. * What
processor interruption between the code does not save all registers.
What to do? *
measurement throughput and latency of the system
* Modernization of the existing (Intel) to support the pilot of Intel
* upgrade to a newer version of FreeBSD
* Add more drivers